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Addiction
Published on
4th Nov 2022
Alcoholism, also called alcohol addiction, is a chronic, relapsing disease that is characterised by the compulsive use of alcohol, despite it having severe negative consequences. It involves an inability to manage drinking habits and is commonly referred to as an alcohol use disorder. Alcohol use disorder is organised into three categories:
Alcohol is a depressant, which means it slows down or reduces your ability to think clearly. When you drink alcohol, it acts as a stimulus on the brain and triggers the release of dopamine in certain areas of the brain. Dopamine is the primary driver of the brain's reward system, which spikes when we experience something pleasurable. It also increases the production of GABA (a neurotransmitter)—which can temporarily make you feel good.
The problem with this process is that over time, it can have negative effects on your body as well as your mind: weight loss occurs; dehydration sets in; breathing becomes laboured; mood swings happen more frequently than normal; sometimes nausea sets in if alcohol is consumed on an empty stomach.
It can be difficult for some people who have been dependent on alcohol for many years, to quit cold turkey without medical supervision. Once they stop, withdrawal symptoms set in. This may include shaking hands and feeling anxious/nervous when around others who have been drinking regularly throughout their lives; sweating profusely even though it's not hot outside; having trouble sleeping at night due to anxiety & nervousness, and an overwhelming urge to drink again.
The symptoms of alcoholism are similar to those experienced by patients with other substance abuse concerns.
Symptoms of alcoholism include:
Treatment for alcoholism is a multifaceted process that can include psychotherapy, medication and detoxification. Some psychiatrists may also recommend other treatment strategies like self-help groups or rehabilitation for some time.
Detoxification
Detoxification is the first step in treating alcoholism and can be accomplished through medication or a medically-monitored withdrawal process. It involves gradually reducing alcohol intake over time until you are completely sober. There is no set length for detoxification - it can take several days to several weeks.
Detoxification should only be done under medical supervision by a qualified physician or psychiatrist who has experience with alcoholism treatment programs, and knows how best to help patients recover from addiction (and avoid relapse). While detoxing, one should abstain from drinking for several days before starting therapy sessions. A psychiatrist can help you decide which type of programme works best for them based on their specific needs.
Medications
Psychotropic medication is a type of medication used to treat alcoholism. Psychotropic medication works by adjusting a number of major chemicals in the brain known as neurotransmitters. There are five main types of psychotropic medication: antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, stimulants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilisers. Some people with alcohol use disorder also exhibit other mental health problems, such as schizophrenia, depression or anxiety that require specific medication. Other medicinal approaches include a drug called disulfiram, which may help prevent you from drinking by producing a physical reaction that may include flushing, nausea, vomiting and headaches.
Naltrexone, a drug that blocks the good feelings alcohol causes, may prevent heavy drinking and reduce the urge to drink. Another medication called Acamprosate may help you combat alcohol cravings once you stop drinking.
Therapy
Talk therapies are psychological treatments for mental and emotional problems like stress, anxiety, depression, alcoholism and more. Psychiatrists can also treat alcoholism using a variety of different methods, including
Alcoholism is a complex disease, but with the right support and medication, you can overcome it.
If you're concerned about a loved one who drinks too much, reach out to a psychiatrist experienced in alcohol treatment for advice on how to approach that person.
Connect with expert therapists and psychiatrists on Amaha to begin your journey to improved mental health. We’re here to support you, every step of the way.
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