Movies and TV shows have come a long way when it comes to depicting mental health disorders, but long-standing myths still prevent us from understanding what some conditions may look like.

Bipolar disorder or BPAD is a chronic mental health condition which can be difficult to diagnose as it manifests differently for everyone. While 46 million people live with bipolar disorder across the world, misconceptions about this condition still prevail.

In this article, we take you through some of the common myths about bipolar disorder, to help you understand this condition a little better.

What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder, also referred to as manic depressive illness in the past, is a mood disorder which is characterised by rapidly fluctuating periods of highs and lows. 

While most people experience ups and downs in their mood, individuals with bipolar disorder can feel it more intensely. These shifts in mood are rapid, sudden, and can often be severely distressing.

The highs, referred to as manic episodes, can make an individual feel joyful, energised, and excited, but they can also be debilitating. Similarly, the lows, referred to as depressive episodes, can make an individual feel sad, and low on energy and affect their sleep. 

Though bipolar disorder is a chronic condition, with effective treatment, individuals can manage their symptoms better. A combination of medication and psychotherapy can help individuals lead the life they envision for themselves.

Understanding the myths and facts about bipolar disorder

The first step in reducing the stigma around various mental health conditions is to learn what they look like. Knowing the facts about bipolar disorder can not only help us normalise the conversation about this condition, but also help us empathise better with others.

Myth 1: Bipolar disorder looks the same for everyone.

Millions of people live with bipolar disorder across the world, but this condition does not present the same way for everyone.

In fact, the term bipolar disorder is used across spectrum. These are:

Bipolar I disorder: To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, individuals must experience one or more depressive episodes, followed by at least one (or more) manic episodes, where individuals may experience some psychotic symptoms.

Bipolar II disorder: This disorder is characterised by hypomanic and depressive episodes. Hypomania is comparable to mania in some ways, but its symptoms tend to be milder, although they can still significantly impact one's daily life.

Cyclothymia (or, Cyclothymic disorder): This is a chronic form of bipolar disorder, where symptoms last for at least two years. While both hypomanic and depressive symptoms are present, they are not enough to meet the criteria of a hypomanic or depressive episode.

Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified: Symptoms of bipolar disorder that do not match the criteria for the conditions listed above are classified as bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. This condition does not follow a specific pattern, but has similar symptoms to other bipolar disorders.

Myth 2: Bipolar disorder is just a fancy term for mood swings.

People experience fluctuations in their mood every day, but these ups and downs are much different, and less debilitating, than the symptoms of manic and depressive episodes. 

Bipolar disorder is not just severe mood swings, each manic or depressive episode can last for days or months, and in some cases, may even require hospitalisation.

Myth 3: Mania is a 'fun' symptom of bipolar disorder.

When people are experiencing a manic episode, they may feel energised, excited, and joyful—all fun and exciting emotions. However, without proper treatment, manic episodes can become debilitating for an individual. 

Often, individuals may go out on shopping sprees, spending way beyond their means. Or, they may become anxious and irritable, where even a minor misstep can make them feel angry or on edge. 

Though manic episodes may sound exciting in theory, those experiencing manic symptoms can feel terrified as they lose control of their thoughts and actions.

Myth 4: You can stop taking medication for bipolar disorder whenever you want.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic health condition. 

This means that, just like other physical health conditions, you will need to consult with your mental health professional before you start or stop the medication. Often, medication for bipolar disorders are preventative—they help reduce the possibility of a manic episode reoccurring in the future.

While taking medication for their condition may sound daunting at first, it is possible to work with your mental health professional to formulate a treatment plan designed for your needs. Research suggests that a combination of medication and psychotherapy is most effective when it comes to managing the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is not rare - millions of people lead happy and fulfilling lives with this condition. If you, or someone you know, is experiencing symptoms similar to bipolar disorder, know that help is available. Effective treatment can help you, or your loved one, feel better and find a way to take back control of your life.

Sources: https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/May-2021/Myths-and-Facts-of-Bipolar-Disorder

https://med.stanford.edu/bipolar/bipolar.html

https://www.healthline.com/health/8-harmful-bipolar-disorder-myths-you-need-to-stop-believing

https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/myths-about-bipolar-disorder